Questão comentada: questão UNICAMP 2024

1. (Unicamp 2024)  Leia o texto e responda, em português, às perguntas.

Will large language models, such as ChatGPT, make chemistry professors obsolete? My experiences in my introductory chemistry classes suggest otherwise. I found that if students can break a question down into component parts, the AI can often assist them; however, identifying the underlying conceptual framework of a given problem is precisely what they struggle with, and which would be directly addressed by a teacher.

In one experiment, deciding whether a sample of glacial water with a pH of 7 was acidic or basic at a temperature of 5°C proved beyond ChatGPT’s capacity. It insisted that a pH of 7 was neutral, regardless of temperature. When reminded several times that this was not the case, it at last provided a Kw that was not only quantitatively incorrect, but qualitatively so. I stepped in to help the students and gave up the experiment.

In a different case, two Brazilian chemists probed ChatGPT to undertake straightforward chemistry tasks. It was hard pressed to provide the geometry of coordination compounds more than half of the time, and it failed to properly encode 3D structures into an internationally standardized text format in more than two thirds of cases. In these cases, it was unable to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes or between benzene and cyclohexane, meaning it failed typical introductory chemistry assessments.

(Michelle Francl, June 19, 2023)

(Adaptado de: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-023-01253-7. Acesso em: 28/08/2023.)

a) Quais argumentos a autora usa, no primeiro parágrafo, para responder ao principal questionamento do texto? Explique também, com base em seus conhecimentos sobre Química, por que a resposta do programa em relação ao equilíbrio químico da água não foi satisfatória.

b) Quais foram as duas falhas nas respostas do ChatGPT nas tarefas do segundo caso? Explique a diferença estrutural entre os dois pares de compostos que o ChatGPT não soube distinguir.